
Interest in modifying the gut-brain axis in mental health therapy is set to increase with new evidence emerging of its value in selected patients with depression

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- Question 1 of 15
1. Question
1. Signalling from the brain to the gut affects:
- Question 2 of 15
2. Question
2. Which of the following mechanisms are not involved in gut-brain communication?
- Question 3 of 15
3. Question
3. Toll-like receptors on epithelial and immune cells are stimulated by cellular components from the gut and are important receptors leading to the gut-immune response. True or false?
- Question 4 of 15
4. Question
4. Dysbiosis is associated with which of the following mental health conditions?
- Question 5 of 15
5. Question
5. The main environmental factors affecting the microbiota in the first few years of life are:
- Question 6 of 15
6. Question
6. Prenatal and postnatal maternal dysbiosis may affect the infant’s brain development. True or false?
- Question 7 of 15
7. Question
7. In elderly frail patients with diabetes and cardiac abnormalities, the number of taxa in the gut microbiome is:
- Question 8 of 15
8. Question
8. Which of the following statements is correct? Probiotics have proven beneficial effects in:
- Question 9 of 15
9. Question
9. Probiotics reduce the symptom severity in a variety of immune-associated gastrointestinal tract conditions such as:
- Question 10 of 15
10. Question
10. In a study of depression and anxiety post-partum, which of the following Lactobacillus species was associated with benefit?
- Question 11 of 15
11. Question
11. The term ‘psychobiotics’ refers to a number of known probiotics that have shown beneficial effects in alleviating symptoms of mental ill health such as depression and anxiety. True or false?
- Question 12 of 15
12. Question
12. In a study of adults with irritable bowel syndrome and mild depression/anxiety, functional magnetic resonance imaging resulted in:
- Question 13 of 15
13. Question
13. In the study reporting psychological benefits in irritable bowel syndrome, for how long were patients treated?
- Question 14 of 15
14. Question
14. In the above study, which areas of the brain were associated with a reduced response to negative stimuli?
- Question 15 of 15
15. Question
15. Probiotics are associated with beneficial effects in patients with mild depression. True or false?
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