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MAKING BEST PRACTICE, EVERYDAY PRACTICE

FREE accredited digital CPD for health care professionals in South Africa

Accredited by the University of Pretoria

MAKING BEST PRACTICE, EVERYDAY PRACTICE

FREE accredited digital CPD for health care professionals in South Africa

Accredited by the University of Pretoria

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Sleep-disordered breathing in children – A practical guide for primary care practitioners

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Sleep-disordered breathing in children: a practical guide for primary care practitioners
Sleep-disordered breathing in children – A practical guide for primary care practitioners

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Question 1 of 10
1. Question
1. What is the single most important underlying cause of OSA in otherwise healthy children?
A. Obesity
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B. Adenotonsillar hypertrophy
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C. Craniofacial anomalies
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D. Neuromuscular disease
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Question 2 of 10
2. Question
2. Approximately what proportion of children have habitual snoring (snoring on most nights)?
A. 1-5%
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B. 7-12%
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C. 15-20%
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D. 25-30%
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Question 3 of 10
3. Question
3. At what age range does the incidence of PSG-confirmed OSA peak in children?
A. Under one year
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B. 2-8 years
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C. 9-12 years
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D. Adolescence
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Question 4 of 10
4. Question
4. Which feature distinguishes CSA from OSA?
A. CSA involves ongoing respiratory effort against a blocked airway
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B. CSA is characterised by absence of respiratory effort during the pause in airflow
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C. CSA is more common than OSA in children overall
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D. CSA is primarily caused by adenotonsillar hypertrophy
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Question 5 of 10
5. Question
5. What is the estimated prevalence of OSA in children with Down syndrome?
A. 10-20%
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B. 30-40%
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C. 50-79%
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D. Greater than 90%
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Question 6 of 10
6. Question
6. In children with OSA, which daytime presentation is emphasised as commonly overlapping with, or mistaken for, ADHD?
A. Excessive daytime sleepiness
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B. Hyperactivity and inattention
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C. Syncope
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D. Unexplained weight loss
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Question 7 of 10
7. Question
7. In the Childhood Adenotonsillectomy Trial (CHAT), what was the key finding for early adenotonsillectomy versus watchful waiting in mild-to-moderate OSA?
A. It significantly improved the primary neurocognitive endpoint (attention/executive function) at seven months
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B. It produced significantly greater improvements in symptoms, behaviour, quality of life and PSG severity, though the primary neurocognitive endpoint did not differ significantly
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C. It showed no benefit over watchful waiting on any measured outcome
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D. It was associated with a higher rate of persistent OSA than watchful waiting
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Question 8 of 10
8. Question
8. Which low-cost, home-based objective screening tool does the article highlight, alongside smartphone video, as increasingly useful for primary care assessment of suspected paediatric OSA?
A. Actigraphy
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B. Overnight pulse oximetry
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C. Electroencephalography
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D. Capnography
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Question 9 of 10
9. Question
9. What is the recommended first-line treatment for OSA caused by adenotonsillar hypertrophy in an otherwise healthy child?
A. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
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B. Montelukast
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C. Adenotonsillectomy
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D. Intranasal corticosteroids
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Question 10 of 10
10. Question
10. Which of the following is listed in the article as a red-flag feature warranting urgent (rather than routine) referral?
A. Habitual snoring with no other symptoms
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B. Mild, intermittent mouth breathing
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C. A witnessed apnoeic episode with cyanosis
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D. Occasional restless repositioning during sleep
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