Questionnaire

1. The most common cause of paediatric cough is:

2. Mechanisms by which ivy leaf extract formulations control productive cough include:

3. Ivy leaf extract products control productive cough by peripheral and central inhibition of the cough reflex.

4. Other than direct coughing, defensive mechanisms of the respiratory system include the secretion of mucus and ciliary movement, both of which contribute to the removal of foreign and harmful irritants from the airways.

5. Among disadvantages of drugs that suppress the neural activity of the cough reflex are a non-specific action that does not target pathogenic causes of cough such as:

6. Documented in vitro and in vivo effects of α-hederin, a saponin of Hedera helix, include:

7. Compared with children older than nine years who received ivy leaf extract for symptomatic treatment of acute respiratory diseases, a multicentre, standardised retrospective survey of 52 478 children demonstrated that the incidence of side effects in children younger than one year was increased by:

8. The most common reported adverse effect in a prospective, multicentre post-marketing study of ivy leaf extract syrup in 5 181 children with acute bronchitis or chronic bronchial inflammatory diseases were:

9. Many experts recommend phytomedicines for the treatment of acute paediatric cough, as systemic steroids and immunostimulants are:

10. When considering the risk of aggravation of respiratory symptoms, the EMA accepts the use of WEU mucolytic agents in children: