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MAKING BEST PRACTICE, EVERYDAY PRACTICE

FREE accredited digital CPD for health care professionals in South Africa

Accredited by the University of Pretoria

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Making sense of SGLT-2 inhibitors in daily practice – 2026 Clinical update of CRM therapy

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Making sense of SGLT-2 inhibitors in daily practice – 2026 Clinical update of CRM therapy
Making sense of SGLT-2 inhibitors in daily practice – 2026 Clinical update of CRM therapy

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Question 1 of 10

1. Question

1. Data arising from the IDF Diabetes Atlas 2025 indicate that:

A. Current global prevalence of adults living with diabetes is considerably higher than estimated by previous projections
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B. One in four people living with diabetes in South Africa are unaware of their diabetes status
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C. Both of the above
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D. None of the above
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Question 2 of 10

2. Question

2. In people living with diabetes, 50% of lost weight associated with lifestyle modification alone and without pharmacological or surgical support is regained within a period of:

A. One year
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B. Two years
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C. Three years
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D. Five years
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Question 3 of 10

3. Question

3. The NICE recommend initial therapy of metformin MR + SGLT-2 inhibitor for adults with T2DM and with:

A. No relevant comorbidities
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B. HF with any ejection fraction, unless specified
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C. ASCVD
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D. All of the above
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E. Only A and B
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Question 4 of 10

4. Question

4. The NICE-recommended initial therapy for adults with T2DM and with ASCVD comprises:

A. Metformin MR alone
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B. Metformin MR + SGLT-2 inhibitor
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C. Metformin MR + SGLT-2 inhibitor + once-weekly semaglutide
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D. None of the above
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Question 5 of 10

5. Question

5. The NICE-recommended initial therapy for adults with T2DM and with obesity comprises:

A. Metformin MR + GLP-1RA
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B. Metformin MR + SGLT-2 inhibitor
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C. SGLT-2 inhibitor + GLP-1RA
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D. Any of the above
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Question 6 of 10

6. Question

6. The initial therapy recommended by NICE for adults with T2DM and an eGFR of 20-<30ml/min/1.73m2 is:

A. Metformin MR + DPP-4 inhibitor
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B. Metformin MR + SGLT-2 inhibitor
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C. Dapagliflozin or empagliflozin + DPP-4 inhibitor
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D. Pioglitazone or an insulin-based treatment
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Question 7 of 10

7. Question

7. Cardiometabolic diseases share overlapping pathophysiology and therefore require early, comprehensive intervention to prevent progressive multiorgan damage.

A. True
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B. False
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Question 8 of 10

8. Question

8. The consequence(s) of overlapping pathophysiology between cardiometabolic diseases is that each dysfunctional organ has the ability to initiate and perpetuate disease in other organs through feedback mechanisms that affect:

A. Haemodynamic functioning
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B. Neurohormonal functioning
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C. Immunological/biochemical functioning
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D. All of the above
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Question 9 of 10

9. Question

9. The effects of T2DM on the pathophysiology of CRM diseases gives rise to a clinical imperative to select T2DM therapeutic agents that are effective in reducing risk for:

A. MACE
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B. Cardiac death, HHF
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C. Adverse kidney outcomes
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D. All of the above
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Question 10 of 10

10. Question

10. Which of the listed SGLT-2 inhibitors has shown a significant reduction in MACE, HHF, adverse kidney outcomes, and cardiovascular death?

A. Dapagliflozin
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B. Empagliflozin
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C. Canagliflozin
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D. All of the above
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