Questionnaire

1. From which ancient system of medicine does saltwater irrigation of the nasal passages originate?

2. The most abundant ionic component of seawater is:

3. An ionic component of seawater that helps to reduce apoptosis of respiratory cells is:

4. An ionic component of seawater that plays a role in regulating ciliary beat frequency is:

5. A mechanism of action of potassium ions in seawater solutions includes:

6. Parameters used to evaluate efficacy of seawater solutions for nasal hygiene in the 2020 study by De Servi and colleagues were:

7. Among European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology-recommended first-line therapies for acute and chronic rhinosinusitis are:

8. Improved sleep quality is one of the benefits of nasal irrigation in children, as per the CHU Sainte-Justine Nasal Hygiene Guidelines from Canada.

9. Benefits that have been associated with once-daily nasal irrigation in children include:

10. The use of nasal sprays for cold/influenza symptom relief in the NIHR study reduced the number of days off from work by:

11. In the NIHR study, nasal sprays reduced the number of days with severe cold/influenza symptoms by:

12. Which ion in seawater has been linked to restoration of epithelial trophicity when used for postoperative nasal irrigation?

13. According to Bastier, how much pressure is required for an irrigation solution to reach the entire nasal cavity?

14. What degree of upward tilting of the nasal spray device nozzle is associated with optimal nasal cavity coverage?

15. The ionic composition of seawater may offer benefits over physiological saline.