Questionnaire

1. Combined treatment of L. plantarum 423 and E. mundtii ST4SA has been shown to:

2. Systematic review of L. rhamnosus GG for the management of acute gastroenteritis in children found that dosages of ≥10¹⁰ CFU/ml per day for 5-7 days reduced:

3. Compared with placebo for paediatric patients who have IBS, the use of L. rhamnosus GG has been shown to statistically significantly improve:

4. Species-level effects of certain probiotics include:

5. L. rhamnosus GG can be used in the management of diarrhoea associated with:

6. A reason why conflicting outcomes arise from different systematic reviews regarding the efficacy of probiotics is that these analyses inappropriately pool studies based on probiotic species without regard for the specific strain.

7. E. mundtii ST4SA and L. plantarum 423 are safe and well tolerated over 10 days in healthy volunteers when used at a daily dosage of:

8. A probiotic strain that plays a role in inhibiting proinflammatory cytokines is:

9. RCTs have demonstrated an improved rate of H. pylori eradication in adults using L. rhamnosus GG dosages of:

10. Neurological, immunological and endocrinological effects are widespread, being found among numerous diverse probiotics.

11. For the prevention of AAD in children, ESPGHAN recommends the use of:

12. Common characteristics of most probiotics include the ability to:

13. An animal study of E. mundtii ST4SA and L. plantarum 423 found that these bacteria:

14. Not all probiotics offer the same benefits and selection of an appropriate probiotic should be based on specific treatment goals and desired outcomes.

15. Combined treatment of L. plantarum 423 and E. mundtii ST4SA has shown potential in managing GIT infections such as: